The Early Iron Age pottery assemblage from site 1/1000 at the foot of Vrashka Chuka, northwest Bulgaria

Authors

  • Zheni Vasileva Department Exhibitions, National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 2 Saborna Str. 1000 Sofia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-2462

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57573/be-ja.12.183-215

Keywords:

Early Iron Age, pottery, Gornea-Kalakača, Bosut, Basarabi, Vrashka chuka

Abstract

In the course of rescue archaeological excavations of site 1/1000 at Baba Velika locality, located at the foot of Vrashka chuka in Northwest Bulgaria, the remains of an Early Iron Age site were encountered. This paper is focused on the pottery assemblage found during the rescue archaeological excavations at Vrashka chuka. The study presents the main characteristic of the Early Iron Age pottery found in the features and the general characteristics of the pottery found in the Early Iron Age cultural layer. It also discusses the recognizable shapes and decorative motifs and points out synchronous parallels.

The study of the pottery assemblage from Vrashka chuka provided us with the opportunity to shed a new light on the development of the Early Iron Age in Northwest Bulgaria, and especially the district of the modern city of Vidin. The intensive archaeological excavations in recent years have opened a new page in the studies of the Early Iron Age in this part of Bulgaria, which so far was not studied in details.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agre, A. 2004. Keramik vom Typ Basarabi sudlich vom Balkangebirge. In Nikolov, V., Băčvarov, K. (Hrsg.) Von Domica bis Drama. Gedenkschrift für Jan Lichardus. Sofia: Arhäologisches Institut mit Museum der Bulgarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 213–217.

Agre, A. 2008. Keramik des Typs Basarabi aus Bagacina bei Lom, Nord Bulgarian. In Gergova, D. (ed.) Phosphorion. Studia in honorem Mariae Čičikova. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov, 140–167.

Alexandrov, St., Ivanov, G., Hristova, T., Kazashki, N. 2013. The necropolis of the prehistoric Baley settlement (preliminary note of the results from the 2013 investigations). Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology 3.2, 315–324.

Alexandrov, St., Ivanov, G., Hristova, T. 2016. The necropolis of Baley in northwest Bulgaria and its significance for the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the Lower Danube region. In Bacvarov, K., Gleser. R. (eds) Southeast Europe and Anatolia in prehistory. Essays in honor of Vassil Nikolov on his 65th anniversary. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 439–456.

Antonova, V., Popov, N. 1984. Novi danni za ranniya halshtat v Severoiztochna Balgaria (Archaeologicheski razkopki na Shumenska krepost). Thracia VI, 160–184 (in Bulgarian).

Bălan, G. 2019. Early Iron Age settlement at Gelmar (Geoagiu, Hunedoara county, Romania). In Sîrbu, V., Comșa, A., Hortopan. D. (eds) Digging in the past of Old Europe. Studies in Honor of Cristian Schuster at his 60th Anniversary. Tărgu Jui – Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei “Carol I”, 37–44.

Borislavov, B. 1999. Yuzhna Trakia v kraya na bronzovata – nachaloto na rannozhelyaznata epoha. Problemi na prehoda. Disertatsia za prisazhdane na obrazovatelna i nauchna stepen „doktor”. Sofia (in Bulgarian).

Borș, C., Rumega-Irimuș, L. 2017. Contexte arheologige cu ceramică de tip Basarabi spartă pe loc din situl hallstattian Tărtăria-Podu Tărtăriei Vest (Jud. Alba). Arheovest V1, In Honorem Doina Benea, Interdisciplinaritate in Arheologie si Istorie, Timișoara, 25 noimbrie 2017. Timișoara: JATEPress Kiadó Szeged, 275–303.

Bozhinova, E. 2012. Thrace between East and West: The Early Iron Age Cultures in Thrace. In Çilingiroğlu, A., Sagona, A. (eds) Anatolian Iron Ages 7. The Proceedings of the Seventh Anatolian Iron Ages. Colloquium Held at Edirne, 19-24 April 2010. Edirne: Peeters Press, 51–72.

Bulatovič, A. 2009. Poreklo i distribucija blagobikoničnih zdela fasetiranog ili kanelovanog oboda sa kraja bronzanog i početka gvozdenog doba na Balkanskom poluostrove (prilog proučvanju etno-kulturnih kretanja na centralnom Balkanu krajem bronzanog i početkom gvozdenog doba). Starinar LIX, 89–108 (in Serbian with English summary).

Chichikova, M. 1968. Keramika ot starata zhelyazna epoha v Trakia. Arheologia X.4, 15–27 (in Bulgarian).

Dintchev, V. 2008. Zhelyaznata epoha v zapadnata chast na Sofiyska oblast. In Gergova, D. (ed.) Phosphorion. Studia in honorem Mariae Čičikova. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov, 319–339 (in Bulgarian).

Dintchev, V. 2018. Obekti i nahodki ot rannata i kasnata zheliazna epoha v raiona na gr. Kozlodui. Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology 8.1, 67–90 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Dimitrova, Y. 2014. Keramichen kompleks ot kasnata bronzova i rannata zhelyazna epoha ot sveti­lishteto Babyak. Arheologia LV.1-2, 7–27 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Dimitrova, Y. 2015. Kulturno razvitie na Rodopite prez rannata zhelyazna epoha (po arheologiches­ki danni). Avtoreferat na disertatsia za prisazhdane na obrazovatelna i nauchna stepen “doktor” (in Bulgarian).

Dimitrov, Z., Alexandrov, S., Danov, V., Danov, A. 2020. Site A10/1012 near Gramada, Vidin District. In Popov, H., Chukalev, K., Dimitrova, Y., Kecheva, N., Damyanov, M., Ivanova, N., Grozdanova, G. (eds) Stream through Time. Rescue archaeological investigations along the expansion of the gas transmission infrastructure of Bulgartransgaz EAD. Sofia: NAIM–BAS, 86–102.

Dimitrov, Z., Tsvetkov, I. 2021. Spasitelni razkopki na obekt ot rimskata epoha do s. Sinagovtsi, obsh. Vidin (№ 6 po traseto na put E79). Archeologicheski otkritia i razkopki prez 2020 g. Kniga 2. Sofia: NAIM-BAN, 813–816 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Dimitrov, Z. 2022. Arheologicheski razkopki na Sinagovtsi. In Boyadzhiev, K., Ivanova, N. (eds) Balgarska arheologia 2021, katalog kam izlozhbata. Sofia: NAIM–BAN, 45–47 (in Bulgarian).

Dumitrescu, V. 1968. La necropole tumulaire du premier du fer de Basarabi (Dep. De Dolj, Oltenie). Dacia N.S. XII, 177–260.

Dzhambazov, N., Katincharov, R. 1974. Razkopki v peshterata Magurata prez 1971. Izvestia na Arheologicheskia institut XXXIV, 107–138 (in Bulgarian).

Jevtić, M. 1983. Keramika starijeg gvozdenog doba na centralnobalkanskom području. Beograd: Centar za arheološka istraživanja.

Jevtić, M. 1993. On Tools for Ornamentation of the Pottery in the Basarabi Culture. Banatica 12, 113–128.

Jevtić, M. 1997. Židovar in the Early Iron Age. In: Lazić, M. (ed.) Židovar. Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement. Beograde–Vrsac: Filozofski fakultetu Beogradu – Narodni muzej u Vrsac, 37–53.

Ganetsovski, G., Miteva, V. 2020. Spasitelni arheologicheski prouchvania na obekt ot rannata kamenno-medna, bronzovata, rannata zhelyazna epohi i antichnostta krai grad Gramada, oblast Vidin. Archeologicheski otkritia i razkopki prez 2019 g. Kniga 1. Sofia: NAIM-BAN, 406–409.

Georgiev, Pl., Minkov., P., Alexandrov, R., Georgieva, V., Nankov, E. 2019. Spasitelni archeologi­cheski prouchvania na strukturi ot RBE i RZhE do gr. Breznik. Archeologicheski otkritia i razkopki prez 2018 g. Sofia: NAIM-BAN, 92–95 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Georgieva, R. 2003. The Early Iron Age Pottery from Southwestern Bulgaria and the “Tsepina” phenomenon. Pyraichmes II, 11–26.

Gergova, D. 1990. Trakiyskata kultura prez rannozhelyaznata epoha v Yugozapadna Bulgaria – prouchavania i problemi. In Domaradski, M. (ed.) Trakiyskata kultura v Rodopite i gornite porechia na Maritsa, Mesta i Struma. Smolian: Balgarska Akademia na Naukite i Srednorodopski istoricheski muzey “Stoyu Shishkov” – Smolyan, 17–28 (in Bulgarian).

Gumă, M. 1993. Civilizaţia primei epoci a fierului in sud-vestul Romaniei (Bibliotheca Thracologica IV). Bucureşti: Ministerul Învățământului, Institutul Român de Tracologie.

Gumă, M. 1995. The end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in south-western Romania, western Serbia and the north-western Bulgaria. A short review. Thraco-Dacica XVI, 1-2, 99–137.

Gotzev, A. 1994. Decoration of the Early Iron Age pottery from south-east Bulgaria. In Ciugudean, H., Boroffka, N. (eds) The early Hallstatt period (1200–700 B.C.) in South–Eastern Europe. Alba Iulia: Muzeul Naţional al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 97–128.

Gogâltan, F. 1996. Die späte Gornea-Kalakaca Siedlung von Giroc und die Frage des Beginns der Basarabi-Kultur im Südwesten Rumäniens. In Garašanin, M., Roman, P. (eds). Der Basarabi-Komplex in Mittel- und Südosteuropa (Kolloquium in Drobeta-Turnu Severin 7–9 November 1996). Bucarest: Vavila Edinf SRL, 33–51.

Hänsel, B. 1976. Beiträge zur regionalen und chronologischen Gliederung der Älteren Hallstattzeit an der Unteren Donau. Beiträge für Ur- und Frühgeschichtichen Archäologie des Mittelmeer-Kulturraumes, XXVII, Bonn: Habelt.

Kapuran, A., Borić, D., Jevtić, M. 2007. Nalazi keramike iz eneolita i gvozdenog doba u dve novootkrivene pećine na teritoriji Đerdapa. Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva 23, 103–124 (in Serbian with English summary).

Kapuran, A. 2008. Prilog praistorijskoj stratigrafiji Feliks Romulijane u svetlu novih nalaza. Glasnik Srpskog arheološkog društva 24, 245–264 (in Serbian with English summary).

Kapuran, A. 2014. Prehistoric sites in the North-Eastern Serbia (from Early Neolithic to Roman conquest). Beograd: Archeološki institut.

Laszlo, A. 1969. Cu privire la tehnica de ornamehtare a ceramicii hallstattiene de tip Babadag. Memoria Antiquitatis 1, 319–326.

Medovič, P. 1978. Naselja starijeg gvozdenog doba u Jugoslovenskom Podunavlju. Beograd: Savez Arheoloskih Drustava.

Medovič, P. 1988. Kalakača. Naselje ranog gvozdenog doba. Novi Sad: Vojvođanski muzej.

Medović, P. 1991. Die eisenzeitliche Besiedlung und ihre Funde. In Hänsel, B., Medović, P. (eds) Vorbericht über die jugoslawisch-deutschen Ausgrabungen in der Siedlung von Feudvar bei Mošorin (Gem. Titel, Vojvodina) von 1986–1990. Mainz: Zabern Mainz, 144–150.

Medovič, P., Medovič, I. 2010. Gradina na Bosutu. Naselje Starijeg Gvozdenog Doba. Novi Sad: Pokrajinski zavod za zastitu spomenika culture AP Vojvodine.

Michev, N., Mihailov, Ts., Vaptsarov, I., Kiradjiev, S. 1980. Geografski rechnik na Bulgaria. Sofia: Izdatelstvo nauka i izkustvo (in Bulgarian).

Mihaylov, F. 2005. Novi danni za rannozheliaznata epoha v mestnostta Krakra, Pernik (spored arheologicheski razkopki prez 2003 g.). Izvestia na Istoricheski muzey Kyustendil XII, 21–34 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Mihaylov, F. 2016. Features of the culture of the Upper Struma during the Early Iron Age. Thracia XXI, 169–198.

Morintz, S. 1987. Noi date şi probleme priviud perioadele hallstattiană timpurie şi zona Istro-Pontica (Cercetările de la Babadag). Thraco-Dacica VIII.1-2, 39–71.

Nekhrizov, G. 2005a. Keramichniyat kompleks ot rannata zhelyazna epoha v Iztochnite Rodopi. Disertatsia za prisazhdane na nauchno obrazovatelnata stepen “doktor”. Sofia (in Bulgarian).

Nekhrizov, G. 2005b. Glineni pechati za ukrasa na keramika ot rannata zhelyazna epoha v Trakia. Helis V, 298–312 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Nekhrizov, G. 2008. Klasificatsionna shema na trapeznata keramika ot rannata zhelyazna epoha v Iztochnite Rodopi. In Gergova, D. (ed.) Phosphorion. Studia in honorem Mariae Čičikova. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov, 114–131 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Nekhrizov, G., Tzvetkova, J. 2018. Contributions to the Periodization and Absolute Chronology of the Early Iron Age in South Thrace. Archaeologia Bulgarica XXII.1, 17–44.

Nikov, K. 2016. The Origin of the Early Iron Age Pottery Decoration in Southern Thrace. In Bacvarov, K., Gleser, R. (eds.) Southeast Europe and Anatolia in prehistory. Essays in honor of Vassil Nikolov on his 65th anniversary. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 457–464.

Petrović, B. 2010. Asfaltna baza u Zemunu naselje ranog gvozdenog doba. Beograd: Muzej grada Beograda (in Serbian with English summary).

Popov, H. 2010. Novi svedenia za rannozhelyaznata epoha v rayona na s. Kasnakovo, Haskovsko. In Georgieva, R., Stoyanov, T., Momchilov, D., Deleva, Y., Krasteva, N., Hristova, R., Ivanova, Zh. (eds) Yugoiztochna Bulgaria prez II – I hilyadoletie pr. Hr. Varna: Zograf, 79–83 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Popović, P., Vukmanović, M. 1998. Vajuga-Pesak. Nekropola starijeg gvozdenog doba. Beograd: Arheološki institut i Narodni muzej.

Shalganova, T., Gotzev, A. 1995. Problems of Research on the Early Iron Age. Prehistoric Bulgaria, Monographs in World Archeology 22. Madison: Prehistory Press, 327–345.

Stamberova, M. 2020. The Thracian culture along the middle Osam valley in the First Millennium BC. In Popov, H., Chukalev, K., Pramatarov, K., Taneva, S. (eds) Archaeological research in Lovech region. Past and present. Sofia: National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 137–151.

Stojiħ, M. 1980. Nalazišta Basarabi kulture u okolini Svetozareva. Starinar XXX, 97–107 (in Serbian with French summary).

Stoyanov, T. 1997. “Sboryanovo”. Early Iron Age Tumular Necropolis. Sofia: Svyat Nauka.

Tasić, N. 1988. Bronze und altere Eizenzeit auf Gomolava. In Tasić, T., Petrović, J. (Hrsg.) Gomolava, Chronologie und Stratigraphie der vorgeschichtlichen und antiken Kulturen der Donauniederung und Südosteuropas, International symposium. Novi Sad: Vojvođanski muzej 47–58.

Valentinova, M. 2003. Prouchvania na rannozhezhlyaznata epoha v Loveshko. Izvestia na Istoriches­ki muzey Lovech 6, 11–20 (in Bulgarian).

Valentinova, M. 2010. Novi danni za nachaloto na rannozhelyaznata epoha v Tsentralna Severna Bulgaria (Mogilna nahodka ot Devetaki). In Borisov, B. (ed) Velikotarnovski universitet „Sv. Sv. Kiril i Metodiy“ i balgarskata arheologia 1. Veliko Tarnovo: UI “Sv. Kiril i Metodiy”, 139–146.

Vasić, R. 1997. Starije gvozdeno doba na području istočne Srbije. In Lazić, M. (ed.) Arheologija Istočne Srbije, Centar za arheološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet, Centar za arheološka istraživanja, 91–100.

Vasileva, E., Vasileva, Zh. 2020. Spasitelni arheologicheski prouchvania na selishte ot rannozhelyaznata epoha i kusnoto srednovekovie v podnozhieto na Vrashka chuka, obekt 1/1000. Archeologi­cheski otkritia i razkopki prez 2019 g. Kniga 2. Sofia: NAIM–BAN, 1284–1289 (in Bulgarian with English summary).

Vukmanović, M. 1990. The Early Iron Age in Eastern Serbia. In Jevtović, J. (ed.) Gospodari srebra / Master of silvers. Beograde: National Museum, 43–49.

Vulpe, A. 1986. Zur entstehung der geto-dakischen Zivilization. Die Basarabi-kultur. Dacia XXX.1-2, 49–89.

Zverev, E. Û. 2001-2002. Hronologiâ kultury Basarab po dannym ornamentacii na keramičeskoj posude. Stratum plus 3, 224–254 (in Russian with English summary).

Downloads

Published

2022-12-23

How to Cite

Vasileva, Z. (2022) “The Early Iron Age pottery assemblage from site 1/1000 at the foot of Vrashka Chuka, northwest Bulgaria”, Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology | Българско е-Списание за Археология, 12(2), pp. 183–215. doi: 10.57573/be-ja.12.183-215.

Issue

Section

Papers